Othello (Act I sc iii) - Iago

Summary: In this section of the play, the villain Iago is motivating Rodrigo to act upon his feelings for Desdemona and even though she is committed to Othello ('the Moor'). Iago wants to take down Othello without actually doing it himself.


Highlight where the following persuasive techniques are used:

• repetition
• alliteration
• extended metaphor

Answer the following questions using quotes where applicable:

• What extended metaphor is used in this speech? Is this metaphor positive or negative towards women? Explain.

The extended metaphor used in the speech is the repeated stating to be "drowned" or "put money in thy purse" have negative connotations suggesting owing money or retribution or to destroy life or suicide.

• How does the metaphor related to Rodrigo becoming more proactive in his pursuit of Desdemona?

As the speech goes on more and more emphasis is placed on the other man Othello describing him as being "an erring barbarian" and how he is not suitable for Desdemona.

• How does Iago characterise Othello ('the moor')?

Iago characterizes Othello as being "an erring barbarian" giving him negative connotations through the use of diction by describing him as being a "barbarian"

• How does Iago describe Rodrigo being passive? What will he do to himself if he doesn't act?

Iago describes Rodrigo as to be drowning himself and destroying himself and others if he does not act upon his feelings "drown thyself! Drown cats and blind puppies".

IAGO

It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of
the will. Come, be a man. Drown thyself! drown
cats and blind puppies. I have professed me thy
friend and I confess me knit to thy deserving with
cables of perdurable toughness; I could never
better stead thee than now. Put money in thy
purse; follow thou the wars; defeat thy favour with
an usurped beard; I say, put money in thy purse. It
cannot be that Desdemona should long continue her
love to the Moor,-- put money in thy purse,--nor he
his to her: it was a violent commencement, and thou
shalt see an answerable sequestration:--put but
money in thy purse. These Moors are changeable in
their wills: fill thy purse with money:--the food
that to him now is as luscious as locusts, shall be
to him shortly as bitter as coloquintida. She must
change for youth: when she is sated with his body,
she will find the error of her choice: she must
have change, she must: therefore put money in thy
purse. If thou wilt needs damn thyself, do it a
more delicate way than drowning (extended metaphor as well). Make all the money
thou canst: if sanctimony and a frail vow betwixt
an erring barbarian and a supersubtle Venetian not
too hard for my wits and all the tribe of hell, thou
shalt enjoy her; therefore make money. A pox of
drowning thyself! it is clean out of the way: seek
thou rather to be hanged in compassing thy joy than
to be drowned and go without her.

Henry V 'once more unto the breach'

Find and Highlight where these techniques are used:

• repetition
• inclusive language
• alliteration
• metaphor

2. Answer the following Questions (use quotes where applicable):

• What characteristics does King Henry say are best for men in times of PEACE?

King Henry describes the best thing for men in times of peace are to be "modest ... and humility" meaning that it is best to be modest and humble with what they have.

• What should men be like in war?

Men should call up arms when the "blast of war blows" and be ready for "action of the tiger" and to "stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood" to be ready to defend their country and ready for action.

• What does Henry say about the English and their ancestors?

That the English are ready for war and have "fathers of war-proof" saying that the English ancestors have been proven in war.

• What does he mean when he says 'Be copy now to men of grosser blood.'?

He encourages the audience to be more like their ancestors and be proven in war like the men before them.

• What is Henry saying you have to become in order to be successful in war?

You must be ready to sacrifice what you love to be successful in war and to win and be ready to lay down their life like men before them

KING HARRY:
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more,
Or close the wall up with our English dead.
In peace there's nothing so becomes a man
As modest stillness and humility,
But when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Then imitate the action of the tiger.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,
Disguise fair nature with hard-favoured rage.
Then lend the eye a terrible aspect,
Let pry through the portage of the head
Like the brass cannon, let the brow o'erwhelm it (simile)
As fearfully as doth a galled rock
O'erhang and jutty his confounded base,
Swilled with the wild and wasteful ocean.
Now set the teeth and stretch the nostril wide,
Hold hard the breath, and bend up every spirit
To his full height. On, on, you noblest English,
Whose blood is fet from fathers of war-proof,
Fathers that like so many Alexanders
Have in these parts from morn till even fought
And sheathed their swords for lack of argument.
Dishonor not your mothers; now attest
That those whom you called fathers did beget you.
Be copy now to men of grosser blood,
And teach them how to war. And you, good yeomen,
Whose limbs were made in England, show us here
The mettle of your pasture; let us swear
That you are worth your breeding- which I doubt not,
For there is none of you so mean and base
That hath not noble lustre in your eyes.
I see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,
Straining upon the start. The game's afoot.
Follow your spirit, and upon this chargeCry 'God for Harry, England, and Saint George!'

The Merchant of Venice: Act IV sc i - Portia

Summary: In this scene Portia is pleading to Shylock for the life of Antonio. Antonio is responsible for the debt that Bassanio owes Shylock. Bassanio is Portia's partner and needed money to be with Portia. When Bassanio borrowed the money the punishment for failure to pay back the money on time was 'a pound of flesh' which would cause certain death. Bassanio didn't pay the debt back in time and now Shylock wants his 'pound of flesh' from Antonio. Portia is trying to get Shylock to change his mind and see the virtue of being merciful.


Find and highlight these techniques in the speech:
metaphor
alliteration
repetition

Answer the following questions using quotes where applicable:

How does Portia describe mercy? How important and powerful is it?


Portia describes mercy as "gentle rain from the heaven" meaning that it is a gift that is given from God and is noble for one to give mercy upon another person.

What can one achieve through mercy?


The one who gives mercy is the "mightiest in the mightiest: it becomes the throned monarch better than the crown" meaning that one can achieve righteousness and respect from giving mercy upon someone being kingly or a monarch who is better than his crown.

How is religion part of this speech? (You need to do some thinking on this one.)


God is mentioned throughout the speech and the use of monarchs in "the throned monarch better than his crown" and suggesting that mercy is a gift from the heavens "mercy is not strain'd it droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven"


PORTIA

The quality of mercy is not strain'd, (easy to give mercy)
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven (simile mercy from God, mercy=God)
Upon the place beneath: it is twice blest;
It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: (parallel structure)
'Tis mightiest in the mightiest: it becomes (the greatest gives mercy)
The throned monarch better than his crown;
His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, (temporary power)
The attribute to awe and majesty,
Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings;
But mercy is above this sceptred sway; (scepter represents power on earth)
It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,
It is an attribute to God himself; (Theme of the verse)
And earthly power doth then show likest God's
When mercy seasons justice. Therefore, Jew,
Though justice be thy plea, consider this,
That, in the course of justice, none of us
Should see salvation: we do pray for mercy;
And that same prayer doth teach us all to render
The deeds of mercy. I have spoke thus much
To mitigate the justice of thy plea;
Which if thou follow, this strict court of Venice
Must needs give sentence 'gainst the merchant there.

Draft 2

Stem cells have been associated with destruction and death, but how about an opportunity? An opportunity for the people who have been dealt a cruel card from fate. An opportunity for men and women, adults and children, fathers and mothers, who have had their lives shaken and their lives destroyed. An opportunity for the 58% of paraplegics and the 42% of quadriplegics to walk, to talk and to live out their dreams. Now imagine your whole life then it comes to the stop because of a catastrophic accident, everything changes, for a friend, a father, a mother or yourself. Confined to a wheelchair or trapped on life support never to walk, never to talk, never to live your life.


The leading cause of spinal injury are motor accidents involving people who have just received their drivers licence or are in the long journey of receiving their full licence. These are men and women who are 16 to 21 have their lives drastically changed. With the introduction of stem cell research this would be a thing of the past, with the proper resources and a rallying of scientists to refine the stem cell process men and women, adults and children, mothers and fathers would be able to walk, to talk and live their life as they lived it before the cruel twist of fate.


A spinal cord injury is when the spinal cord is damaged from an accident or disease which disrupts or destroys the neural pathways that run from our spinal cord to all parts of the body. In an accident when the damage is severe they may become a paraplegic or worse, quadriplegic resulting in them losing total motor movement.


Stem cell research has been disputed upon the point that would it be murder to destroy a fertilized egg that will most likely never be used to be implanted into a uterus. Stem cell research involves removing the uncharacterized cells in a zygote which has been artificially created for artificial conception. Stem cells can be used to replace the damaged cells in the spinal cord which allows a person to walk and move again, giving them the freedom to live out their lives.


In a late afternoon on a Summers day Cody Culwell was in a tragic accident she said "my mother and I had an accident in my mother's car. When I regained consciousness in hospital I was told that two cervical vertebrae, namely C5 and C6, were broken and that I had also suffered a spinal cord injury. The vertebrae were fixed with a neck brace for four months and the doctors tried to help me retain my body functions with physiotherapy but I was only 14 years old and paraplegic." Cody is no older than us but because of a tragic accident has had her life changed, never to walk again. Confined to a wheel chair for the rest of her life now the opportunities for her have now been limited, not from her fault or anyone else's.


So would you deny young Cody Culwell the opportunity to live out her life again? The opportunity to continue her life before the tragic accident? The opportunity to walk, to move and to live out her life? So why deny the opportunity for stem cell research which will heal people like Cody so they will never have to live the rest of her days confined to a wheel chair or in a bed for the rest of their life? Stem cell research will help the people who cannot walk or move. It will help the people who are friends or family, mothers or fathers, sons and daughters. So would you deny the opportunity for people like Cody to fix their lives and to let them carry on after their accident?

Draft 1 Speech with some techniques highlighted

What have stem cells been associated to? Murder? Death? How about an opportunity? An opportunity for people who have had been dealt a cruel card from fate. Men and women, adults and children, fathers and mothers, lives shaken, lives destroyed. 58% of all spinal injuries result the victim to become paraplegics, 48% become quadriplegic. Imagine everything in your life and all of a sudden it stops, everything changes you or mother, father due to a tragic accident are forever paralyzed, confined to a wheel chair or in life support never to walk or maybe move again you never expect to happen to you or someone you know.

The leading of cause to spinal injury are motor incidents from people who have just received their drivers licence are in the long journey in receiving their full licence. These are men and women who are 16 to 21 who have their lives drastically changed. With the introduction of stem cell research this would be a thing of the past, with the proper resources and a rallying of scientists to refine the stem cell process men and women, adults and children, mothers and fathers (repetition of this phrase from before) would be able to walk, to talk and live their life(also high modality) as they lived it after life gave them a cruel card of fate (also repetition).

Spinal cord injuries are when the spinal cord is damaged from an accident or disease this can disrupt or destroy the neural pathways that run from our spinal cord to all parts of the body. If the damage is light and the person is lucky the pathways will remain unharmed and so will their motor skills on the other hand (colloquial language) if the person is unlucky and the damage is severe they may become a paraplegic or worst and quadriplegic resulting in them losing all motor skills to their upper or lower half of their body or losing total motor movement.

Stem cell research has been disputed upon from the fact that would it be murder for destroying a fertilized egg that will most likely never be used to be implanted into a uterus. Stem cell research involves removing the uncharacterized cells in a zygote which has been artificially created to for artificial conception. Stem cells can be used to replace the damaged cells in the spinal cord allowing a person to walk and move to allow them to live out their lives and to allow them to rebuild their lives.

So is it murder to kill something which has never been alive? Is it still murder for killing what could have been? So is it still wrong to destroy a zygote which will never been used to create another human being to fix one that needs help, who has a family, who is a son or daughter or father or mother? So is it wrong to destroy what could be to fix families and lives?

Rhetorical Questions

High Modality

Repetition

Alliteration

Statistics

Draft 1 of Speech Notes from Mr. Cav

What have stem cells been associated to? Murder? Death?(statement?) How about an opportunity? An opportunity for people who have had been dealt a cruel card from fate. Men and women, adults and children, fathers and mothers, lives shaken, lives destroyed. 58% of all spinal injuries result the victim to become paraplegics, 48% become quadriplegic. Imagine everything in your life and all of a sudden it stops, everything changes you or mother, father due to a tragic accident are forever paralyzed, confined to a wheel chair or in life support never to walk or maybe move again you never expect to happen to you or someone you know.

anecdote?

The leading of cause to spinal injury are motor incidents from people who have just received their drivers licence are in the long journey in receiving their full licence. These are men and women who are 16 to 21 who have their lives drastically changed. With the introduction of stem cell research this would be a thing of the past, with the proper resources and a rallying of scientists to refine the stem cell process men and women, adults and children, mothers and fathers would be able to walk, to talk and live their life as they lived it after life gave them a cruel card of fate.

Spinal cord injuries are when the spinal cord is damaged from an accident or disease this can disrupt or destroy the neural pathways that run from our spinal cord to all parts of the body. If the damage is light and the person is lucky the pathways will remain unharmed and so will their motor skills on the other hand if the person is unlucky and the damage is severe they may become a paraplegic or worst and quadriplegic resulting in them losing all motor skills to their upper or lower half of their body or losing  total motor movement.

Stem cell research has been disputed upon from the fact that would it be murder for destroying a fertilized egg that will most likely never be used to be implanted into a uterus. Stem cell research involves removing the uncharacterized cells in a zygote which has been artificially created to for artificial conception. Stem cells can be used to replace the damaged cells in the spinal cord allowing a person to walk and move to allow them to live out their lives and to allow them to rebuild their lives.

So is it murder to kill something which has never been alive? Is it still murder for killing what could have been? So is it still wrong to destroy a zygote which will never been used to create another human being to fix one that needs help, who has a family, who is a son or daughter or father or mother? So is it wrong to destroy what could be to fix families and lives?

Drafting Assessment Task Speech

What have stem cells been associated with? Murder? Death? How about an opportunity? An opportunity for people who have been dealt a cruel card from fate. Men and women, adults and children, fathers and mothers, lives shaken, lives destroyed. 58% of all spinal injuries result in the victim becoming paraplegic and 48% become quadriplegic. Imagine everything in your life and all of a sudden it stops, everything changes you or your mother, or your father are forever paralyzed due to a tragic accident, confined to a wheel chair or on life support never to walk or move again.

The leading cause of spinal injury are motor accidents involving people who have just received their drivers licence or are in the long journey of receiving their full licence. These are men and women who are 16 to 21 have their lives drastically changed. With the introduction of stem cell research this would be a thing of the past, with the proper resources and a rallying of scientists to refine the stem cell process men and women, adults and children, mothers and fathers would be able to walk, to talk and live their life as they lived it before the cruel twist of fate.

Spinal cord injuries are when the spinal cord is damaged from an accident or disease which disrupts or destroys the neural pathways that run from our spinal cord to all parts of the body. In the event of an accident the damage is severe they may become a paraplegic or worse and quadriplegic resulting in them losing total motor movement.

Stem cell research has been disputed upon the point that would it be murder to destroy a fertilized egg that will most likely never be used to be implanted into a uterus. Stem cell research involves removing the uncharacterized cells in a zygote which has been artificially created for artificial conception. Stem cells can be used to replace the damaged cells in the spinal cord which allows a person to walk and move again, giving them the freedom to live out their lives.

So is it murder to kill something which has never been alive? Is it still murder to kill what could have been? So is it still wrong to destroy a zygote which would have never been used to create another human being to fix one that needs help, who has a family, who is a son or daughter or father or mother? So is it wrong to destroy what could be to fix families and lives?

Research for Assessment Task 1

Endorsement

• Embryonic stem cells have the potential to grow indefinitely in a laboratory environment and can differentiate into almost all types of bodily tissue. This makes embryonic stem cells a prospect for cellular therapies to treat a wide range of diseases

Human potential and humanity

This argument often goes hand-in-hand with the utilitarian argument, and can be presented in several forms:

• Embryos are not equivalent to human life while they are still incapable of surviving outside the womb (i.e. they only have the potential for life).

This is the definition for the argument that judges human life which has been a controversy whether a zygote is a human and killing it would be murder

• Some parties contend that embryos are not humans, believing that the life of Homo sapiens only begins when the heartbeat develops, which is during the 5th week of pregnancy, or when the brain begins developing activity, which has been detected at 54 days after conception.

This will show that embryos are not humans until they have developed a hearth beat and therefore that if the parent wishes to remove it, it would not be murder.

Efficiency

• In vitro fertilization (IVF) generates large numbers of unused embryos (e.g. 70,000 in Australia alone). Many of these thousands of IVF embryos are slated for destruction. Using them for scientific research uses a resource that would otherwise be wasted.

Statistics about the amount of unused embryos that will not be used are being wasted when they could cure diseases

• While the destruction of human embryos is required to establish a stem cell line, no new embryos have to be destroyed to work with existing stem cell lines. It would be wasteful not to continue to make use of these cell lines as a resource.

It would not be destroying any new embryos in the process as the embryos that have been produce will most likely never be used

• Abortions are legal in many countries and jurisdictions. The argument then follows that if these embryos are being destroyed anyway, why not use them for stem cell research or treatments?

Superiority

This is usually presented as a counter-argument to using adult stem cells as an alternative that doesn't involve embryonic destruction.

• Embryonic stem cells make up a significant proportion of a developing embryo, while adult stem cells exist as minor populations within a mature individual (e.g. in every 1,000 cells of the bone marrow, only 1 will be a usable stem cell). Thus, embryonic stem cells are likely to be easier to isolate and grow ex vivo than adult stem cells.

• Embryonic stem cells divide more rapidly than adult stem cells, potentially making it easier to generate large numbers of cells for therapeutic means. In contrast, adult stem cell might not divide fast enough to offer immediate treatment.

• Embryonic stem cells have greater plasticity, potentially allowing them to treat a wider range of diseases.

• Adult stem cells from the patient's own body might not be effective in treatment of genetic disorders. Allogeneic embryonic stem cell transplantation (i.e. from a healthy donor) may be more practical in these cases than gene therapy of a patient's own cell.

• DNA abnormalities found in adult stem cells that are caused by toxins and sunlight may make them poorly suited for treatment.

• Embryonic stem cells have been shown to be effective in treating heart damage in mice.

• Embryonic stem cells have the potential to cure chronic and degenerative diseases which current medicine has been unable to effectively treat.

This is all the effective uses for stem cells over the adult stem cells found in bone marrow saying that is faster and easier to use and can be used in many different applications and does not require an adults own cells or with the same circumstances (i.e. blood type, age, sex)



This picture shows the process of how stem cells are cultivated and changed into certain cells in the body starting as a fertilized egg that is allowed to multiply at a point it is then harvested for the cultured undifferentiated stem cells which can be changed to any type of cells because they have not been specified as a certain cell.
http://static.wix.com/media/63a213bd19323437de35700ac2a78083.wix_mp

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. In addition, in many tissues they serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell.

Stem cells are distinguished from other cell types by two important characteristics. First, they are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity. Second, under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions. In some organs, such as the gut and bone marrow, stem cells regularly divide to repair and replace worn out or damaged tissues. In other organs, however, such as the pancreas and the heart, stem cells only divide under special conditions.

This is an introduction into stem cells and the characteristics from a reputable site from the National institute of health resource for stem cell research giving my argument a more authoritative logical argument saying the characteristics of the stem cells and what they can achieve.
http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics1.asp


The Australian Stem Cell Centre is the largest, most comprehensive stem cell research organisation in Australia. Founded in 2002, it was formed to take advantage of Australia’s significant strengths in the field of stem cell research. The ASCC has a strong focus on partnering and networking and is focused on utilising stem cells and related technologies to meet human health challenges.


This is the main thesis of the Australian Stem Cell Centre the leading organisation for stem cell research in Australia. This gives the thesis of the history of the centre and the main focus of their efforts for stem cell research. This will give credibility to my argument by quoting their thesis.
http://www.stemcellcentre.edu.au/


Scientists are now beginning to succeed in making stem cells differentiate into particular types of cells, and identifying whether these specialised cells function normally. Australian scientists have been at the forefront of this research. For example, scientists at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne and at the University of Queensland are looking at brain stem cells, with a long-term view of treating patients with brain injuries or degenerative diseases. Others are studying the capacity for stem cells to produce a complex organ, by making scaffolding for cells to grow on or around.


This excerpt from the Australian government website shows the current success and the research that is going into stem cell research and what they hope will be able to be achieved. This website is from the Australian government and will give a large amount of credibility to my argument.
http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/human/researchsc.html

Monday Period 3: The Assessment Task HW

Stem Cell Research
Stem cell research is a fairly controversial topic, people view the testing on parts of humans or even be it the umbilical cord after it has done its job is unjust and inhumane. Stem cells are the cells that have not been assigned a specific role in the human body and it is thought that through research eventually scientist will be able to be able to implant these stem cells to cure human disabilities such as brain damage and spinal cord injuries. There are two types of stem cells, 1. the stem cells from bone marrow in fully grown adults which can be found in the centre of large bones in humans but is very painful to extract. 2. The stem cells found in unborn fetuses which has led to controversies about is it still murder if the zygote has been destroyed to extract the stem cells even though there is a high chance that it will never be used to make a baby. 


Euthanasia
Euthanasia is the manner of ending life to end suffering and pain this is often common in putting animals to 'sleep' to end their suffering from a expensive and painful disease or disability. This is often common practice to put a horse 'down' if it has a broken leg which would be incredibly painful and expensive for the owner and for the horse. Many diseases for humans are painful and have a high chance of mortality such as cancer, most patients that have been diagnosed with cancer have little to no chance for recovery and the procedures that are required to improve the chances are often very expensive and painful. Euthanasia has been disputed among culture as being a higher form of suicide which is frowned upon since ancient society.


Equality
Egalitarianism is the belief that all people should be treated the same no matter age, gender, race, religion, political, economic status. The belief that we should try to make more and more people have equal rights has been thought as the start to a perfect society where there would be no wars for power no racism and no disadvantages but this would lead to other problems as for economic status where people will always have to work to feed other people, who would lead such a place where everyone is equal only to be thought as the person who has more rights and power over everyone else. Equality is thought as the predecessor to a perfect society but it would lead to other problems as our current society has been developed from classes of people from the working class who manufacture the goods and services for the people higher in economic status.

Friday Period 5: NAPLAN and Crafting a Speech

 In a blog post of your own craft a speech convincing the class to attend and cheer at the upcoming CAS Swimming Carnival.
     a. make sure you have a clear beginning, middle and end
     b. make sure you utilise at least 3 of the techniques we have been discussing
     c. highlight which mode of reasoning your are using (logos, ethos, or pathos)
     d. include one relevant quote in your speech (see MLK's 'I have a dream')
 Be prepared to deliver your speech in the first class of next week.


Pathos


You stand on the blocks before a 50m pool staring down to the end of the pool, to your goal, to where you will represent your school. You have woken up early every morning before school committing yourself to this very moment, not for yourself but for everyone else, weeks and months gone into training. Then comes the day where you stand on the block and all that could be heard was silence, not one person cheering after all the effort and days gone into training for your school only to be denied the appreciation that you have come here to represent your school and that your school does not care about your effort and commitment you have shown.


Wouldn't you feel demoralized at the fact that your school could not and will not appreciate your efforts and commitment to represent you? Would you swim harder and faster to win the CAS swimming carnival for the people cheering you on, cheering you to victory? These men of Knox have worked willingly to give us, our school the greatest chance of success but his will only get us half way there, we must hold up our end of the bargain we must cheer them on to get us all the way to the CAS cup, to success, to victory.


These men "cannot walk alone, and as" they "walk we must take a pledge and that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back" in those words by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. we must walk ahead of our fellow comrades cheering the Knox name, we must lay the path for our swimmers, so that our competitors will fear our name, "we cannot turn back" and they "cannot walk alone" so we shall walk with them to victory. So they cannot do this alone and we must help them win for us by cheering, shouting and yelling your lungs out for our own benefit but out of respect for the men who had worked trained every early morning to give us a chance of success at CAS swimming. We are Knox and we will win!! For us the swimmers and the men that have gone before us. Because this is our hour, our hour for success, for honor for our school and for the men who will swim for us.